Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development

Authors

  • A H M Maniruzzaman Rabbani Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Khamarbari, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9832-4407
  • Syeda Nyema Jannat Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
  • Md. Shahed Al Shishir Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
  • Md. Shaheen Alam Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
  • Atiqur Rahman Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
  • Md. Shohidul Alam Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-4065

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.265943

Keywords:

Green synthesis, Cassia fistula, Silver nanoparticles, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Seed germination, Early plant development

Abstract

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods, with promising applications in agriculture. However, the phytotoxicity of such nanoparticles (NPs), particularly silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), remains poorly understood. This study investigates the green synthesis, characterization, and biological effects of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs using aqueous leaf extracts of Cassia fistula, a plant rich in phytochemicals. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis, revealing characteristic peaks at 479 nm (Ag-NPs) and 241 nm (ZnO-NPs). Energy band gaps were calculated as 2.34 eV for Ag-NPs and 4.13 eV for ZnO-NPs. To assess biocompatibility and phytotoxicity, the nanoparticles were tested on seed germination, root and shoot growth, and biomass accumulation in five crop species: Oryza sativa (rice), Brassica napus (canola), Raphanus sativus (radish), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach). Both NPs showed concentration-dependent effects: low to moderate doses enhanced germination and seedling vigor, whereas higher doses delayed germination and reduced growth. Ag-NPs were generally more phytotoxic, particularly inhibiting root elongation. ZnO-NPs exhibited a biphasic response - stimulatory at lower concentrations, inhibitory at higher levels. Seedling biomass decreased with increasing NP concentration, with Ag-NPs causing more severe reductions.These findings highlight that while green-synthesized nanoparticles hold agricultural potential, their use must be carefully optimized to avoid phytotoxic effects. The Cassia fistula-mediated synthesis presents a sustainable, biocompatible route for generating functional nanoparticles capable of influencing early plant development.

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Published

2025-03-31

How to Cite

Rabbani, A. H. M. M., Jannat, S. N., Shishir, M. S. A., Alam, M. S., Rahman, A., & Alam, M. S. (2025). Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 10(01), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.5455/faa.265943

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Original Article